diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index 81250357..02a1221f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ jobs:
           username: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_USER }}
           password: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_PASSWORD }}
 
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+
       - name: Set up GO 1.25.8
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
@@ -71,6 +74,7 @@ jobs:
           VERSION: ${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}
           IMAGE_TAG_BASE: streamnative/function-mesh
           CATALOG_BRANCH_TAG: latest
+          PLATFORMS: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
         run: |
           # convert vx.y.z to x.y.z because a valid semver is needed in creating the bundle
           VERSION=$(echo $VERSION|cut -c 2-)
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index ee61e169..f37d5427 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 # Build the manager binary
-FROM golang:1.25.8-trixie AS builder
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.25.8-trixie AS builder
+
+ARG TARGETOS
+ARG TARGETARCH
 
 WORKDIR /workspace/api
 COPY api/ .
@@ -20,7 +23,7 @@ COPY controllers/ controllers/
 COPY utils/ utils/
 
 # Build
-RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 GO111MODULE=on go build -a -o manager main.go
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=${TARGETOS:-linux} GOARCH=${TARGETARCH} GO111MODULE=on go build -a -o manager main.go
 
 # Use distroless as minimal base image to package the manager binary
 # Refer to https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/distroless for more details
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index ce968a20..a56e6915 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ GOARCH := $(if $(GOARCH),$(GOARCH),amd64)
 GOENV  := CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=$(GOOS) GOARCH=$(GOARCH)
 GO     := $(GOENV) go
 GO_BUILD := $(GO) build -trimpath
+PLATFORMS ?= linux/amd64
+comma := ,
+PLATFORM_LIST := $(subst $(comma), ,$(PLATFORMS))
+PRIMARY_PLATFORM := $(word 1,$(PLATFORM_LIST))
+MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD := $(if $(filter 1,$(words $(PLATFORM_LIST))),false,true)
+IMAGE_BUILD_PUSH ?= $(MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD)
 GO_MAJOR_VERSION := $(shell $(GO) version | cut -c 14- | cut -d' ' -f1 | cut -d'.' -f1)
 GO_MINOR_VERSION := $(shell $(GO) version | cut -c 14- | cut -d' ' -f1 | cut -d'.' -f2)
 
@@ -133,15 +139,27 @@ generate: controller-gen
 
 # Build the docker image
 docker-build: test
-	docker build --platform linux/amd64 . -t ${IMG}
+ifeq ($(MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD),true)
+	docker buildx build --platform $(PLATFORMS) --push -t ${IMG} .
+else
+	docker build --platform $(PRIMARY_PLATFORM) -t ${IMG} .
+endif
 
 # Build image for red hat certification
 docker-build-redhat:
-	docker build --platform linux/amd64 -f redhat.Dockerfile . -t ${IMG} --build-arg VERSION=${VERSION} --no-cache
+ifeq ($(MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD),true)
+	docker buildx build --platform $(PLATFORMS) --push -f redhat.Dockerfile -t ${IMG} --build-arg VERSION=${VERSION} --no-cache .
+else
+	docker build --platform $(PRIMARY_PLATFORM) -f redhat.Dockerfile -t ${IMG} --build-arg VERSION=${VERSION} --no-cache .
+endif
 
 # Push the docker image
 image-push:
+ifeq ($(IMAGE_BUILD_PUSH),true)
+	@echo "image already pushed during multi-platform build: ${IMG}"
+else
 	docker push ${IMG}
+endif
 
 # find or download controller-gen
 # download controller-gen if necessary
@@ -171,12 +189,12 @@ bundle: yq kustomize manifests
 # Build the bundle image.
 .PHONY: bundle-build
 bundle-build:
-	docker build --platform linux/amd64 -f bundle.Dockerfile -t $(BUNDLE_IMG) .
+	docker build --platform $(PRIMARY_PLATFORM) -f bundle.Dockerfile -t $(BUNDLE_IMG) .
 
 .PHONY: bundle-push
 bundle-push: ## Push the bundle image.
 	echo $(BUNDLE_IMG)
-	$(MAKE) image-push IMG=$(BUNDLE_IMG)
+	$(MAKE) image-push IMG=$(BUNDLE_IMG) IMAGE_BUILD_PUSH=false
 
 crd: manifests
 	$(KUSTOMIZE) build config/crd > manifests/crd.yaml
@@ -186,13 +204,21 @@ rbac: manifests
 
 release: manifests kustomize crd rbac manager operator-docker-image helm-crds
 
-operator-docker-image: manager test
-	docker build --platform linux/amd64 -f operator.Dockerfile -t $(OPERATOR_IMG) .
+operator-docker-image: test
+ifeq ($(MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD),true)
+	docker buildx build --platform $(PLATFORMS) --push -f operator.Dockerfile -t $(OPERATOR_IMG) -t $(OPERATOR_IMG_LATEST) .
+else
+	docker build --platform $(PRIMARY_PLATFORM) -f operator.Dockerfile -t $(OPERATOR_IMG) .
 	docker tag $(OPERATOR_IMG) $(OPERATOR_IMG_LATEST)
+endif
 
 docker-push:
+ifeq ($(MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD),true)
+	@echo "operator images already pushed during multi-platform build: $(OPERATOR_IMG), $(OPERATOR_IMG_LATEST)"
+else
 	docker push $(OPERATOR_IMG)
 	docker push $(OPERATOR_IMG_LATEST)
+endif
 
 .PHONY: opm
 OPM = ./bin/opm
@@ -240,9 +266,9 @@ endif
 # Push the catalog image.
 .PHONY: catalog-push
 catalog-push: ## Push a catalog image.
-	$(MAKE) image-push IMG=$(CATALOG_IMG)
+	$(MAKE) image-push IMG=$(CATALOG_IMG) IMAGE_BUILD_PUSH=false
 ifneq ($(origin CATALOG_BRANCH_TAG), undefined)
-	$(MAKE) image-push IMG=$(CATALOG_BRANCH_IMG)
+	$(MAKE) image-push IMG=$(CATALOG_BRANCH_IMG) IMAGE_BUILD_PUSH=false
 endif
 
 version:
@@ -256,7 +282,11 @@ function-mesh-docker-image-name:
 
 # Build the docker image without tests
 docker-build-skip-test:
-	docker build --platform linux/amd64 . -t ${IMG}
+ifeq ($(MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD),true)
+	docker buildx build --platform $(PLATFORMS) --push -t ${IMG} .
+else
+	docker build --platform $(PRIMARY_PLATFORM) -t ${IMG} .
+endif
 
 e2e: skywalking-e2e yq
 	$(E2E) run -c .ci/tests/integration/e2e.yaml
@@ -297,17 +327,21 @@ redhat-certificated-bundle: yq kustomize manifests
 # Build the bundle image.
 .PHONY: redhat-certificated-bundle-build
 redhat-certificated-bundle-build:
-	docker build --platform linux/amd64 -f bundle.Dockerfile -t $(BUNDLE_IMG) .
+	docker build --platform $(PRIMARY_PLATFORM) -f bundle.Dockerfile -t $(BUNDLE_IMG) .
 
 .PHONY: redhat-certificated-bundle-push
 redhat-certificated-bundle-push: ## Push the bundle image.
 	echo $(BUNDLE_IMG)
-	$(MAKE) image-push IMG=$(BUNDLE_IMG)
+	$(MAKE) image-push IMG=$(BUNDLE_IMG) IMAGE_BUILD_PUSH=false
 
 # Build the bundle image.
 .PHONY: redhat-certificated-image-build
 redhat-certificated-image-build:
-	docker build --platform linux/amd64 -f redhat.Dockerfile . -t ${OPERATOR_IMG} --build-arg VERSION=${VERSION} --no-cache
+ifeq ($(MULTI_PLATFORM_BUILD),true)
+	docker buildx build --platform $(PLATFORMS) --push -f redhat.Dockerfile -t ${OPERATOR_IMG} --build-arg VERSION=${VERSION} --no-cache .
+else
+	docker build --platform $(PRIMARY_PLATFORM) -f redhat.Dockerfile -t ${OPERATOR_IMG} --build-arg VERSION=${VERSION} --no-cache .
+endif
 
 .PHONY: redhat-certificated-image-push
 redhat-certificated-image-push: ## Push the bundle image.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index dc11a37e..d7242d9f 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -62,6 +62,18 @@ operator-sdk create api --group compute --version v1alpha1 --kind Function --res
 operator-sdk create webhook --group compute.functionmesh.io --version v1alpha1 --kind Function --defaulting --programmatic-validation
 ```
 
+### Multi-platform images
+
+The image build targets accept `PLATFORMS` as a comma-separated Docker platform list.
+
+```bash
+make docker-build PLATFORMS=linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+make operator-docker-image PLATFORMS=linux/amd64,linux/arm64
+PLATFORMS=linux/amd64,linux/arm64 PUSH=true images/build.sh
+```
+
+Single-platform builds still default to `linux/amd64`. Multi-platform builds use `docker buildx` and push a manifest list directly, so they require an authenticated registry session.
+
 ## Deployment
 
 1. make sure connected to a kubernetes cluster(gke, mini-kube etc.)
diff --git a/docs/release_proocess.md b/docs/release_proocess.md
index e3bfe093..a3cd545e 100644
--- a/docs/release_proocess.md
+++ b/docs/release_proocess.md
@@ -30,3 +30,5 @@ git push origin vX.Y.Z
 3. Click the release button
 
 Click the release button and draft a new release. When publish the release, the Action CI will automatically trigger the release process, build the corresponding image, and push it to docker_hub.
+
+The release workflow publishes multi-platform Docker images for `linux/amd64` and `linux/arm64`.
diff --git a/images/build.sh b/images/build.sh
index 1a5dc650..bd08d79d 100755
--- a/images/build.sh
+++ b/images/build.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.
 #
-set -e
+set -euo pipefail
 
 PULSAR_IMAGE=${PULSAR_IMAGE:-"streamnative/sn-platform"}
 PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG=${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG:-"2.7.1"}
@@ -34,30 +34,112 @@ PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER="pulsar-functions-pulsarctl-python-runner"
 RUNNER_TAG=${RUNNER_TAG:-$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}
 KIND_PUSH=${KIND_PUSH:-false}
 CI_TEST=${CI_TEST:-false}
+PLATFORMS=${PLATFORMS:-"linux/amd64"}
+PRIMARY_PLATFORM=${PLATFORMS%%,*}
+RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${RUNNER_BASE}:${RUNNER_TAG}"
+PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE}:${RUNNER_TAG}"
+JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${JAVA_RUNNER}:${RUNNER_TAG}"
+PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER}:${RUNNER_TAG}"
+GO_RUNNER_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${GO_RUNNER}:${RUNNER_TAG}"
+PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER}:${RUNNER_TAG}"
+PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${PYTHON_RUNNER}:${RUNNER_TAG}"
+PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER}:${RUNNER_TAG}"
+
+MULTI_PLATFORM=false
+if [[ "${PLATFORMS}" == *,* ]]; then
+  MULTI_PLATFORM=true
+fi
+
+PUSH_DEFAULT=false
+if [[ "${DOCKER_REPO}" == "localhost:5000" || "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" == "true" ]]; then
+  PUSH_DEFAULT=true
+fi
+PUSH=${PUSH:-$PUSH_DEFAULT}
+
+if [[ "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" == "true" && "${PUSH}" != "true" ]]; then
+  echo "multi-platform builds require PUSH=true so dependent images can resolve their base images" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" == "true" && "${KIND_PUSH}" == "true" ]]; then
+  echo "KIND_PUSH=true is only supported for single-platform builds" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+build_image() {
+  local image=$1
+  local context=$2
+  shift 2
+
+  if [[ "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" == "true" ]]; then
+    docker buildx build --platform "${PLATFORMS}" --push -t "${image}" "$@" "${context}"
+  else
+    docker build --platform "${PRIMARY_PLATFORM}" -t "${image}" "$@" "${context}"
+  fi
+}
+
+tag_local_aliases() {
+  local source_image=$1
+  local local_name=$2
+
+  if [[ "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" != "true" ]]; then
+    docker tag "${source_image}" "${local_name}:latest"
+  fi
+}
 
 echo "build runner base"
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${RUNNER_BASE} images/pulsar-functions-base-runner --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="$PULSAR_IMAGE" --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG" --progress=plain
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE} images/pulsar-functions-base-runner -f images/pulsar-functions-base-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="$PULSAR_IMAGE" --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG" --progress=plain
-docker tag ${RUNNER_BASE} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${RUNNER_BASE}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
-docker tag ${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
+build_image "${RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}" images/pulsar-functions-base-runner \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="${PULSAR_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" \
+  --progress=plain
+build_image "${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}" images/pulsar-functions-base-runner \
+  -f images/pulsar-functions-base-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="${PULSAR_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" \
+  --progress=plain
+tag_local_aliases "${RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}" "${RUNNER_BASE}"
+tag_local_aliases "${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}" "${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE}"
 
 echo "build java runner"
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${JAVA_RUNNER} images/pulsar-functions-java-runner --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="$PULSAR_IMAGE" --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG" --progress=plain
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER} images/pulsar-functions-java-runner -f images/pulsar-functions-java-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="$PULSAR_IMAGE" --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG" --progress=plain
-docker tag ${JAVA_RUNNER} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${JAVA_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
-docker tag ${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
+build_image "${JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE}" images/pulsar-functions-java-runner \
+  --build-arg BASE_IMAGE="${RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="${PULSAR_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" \
+  --progress=plain
+build_image "${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE}" images/pulsar-functions-java-runner \
+  -f images/pulsar-functions-java-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile \
+  --build-arg BASE_IMAGE="${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="${PULSAR_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" \
+  --progress=plain
+tag_local_aliases "${JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE}" "${JAVA_RUNNER}"
+tag_local_aliases "${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE}" "${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER}"
 
 echo "build python runner"
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${PYTHON_RUNNER} images/pulsar-functions-python-runner --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="$PULSAR_IMAGE" --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG" --progress=plain
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER} images/pulsar-functions-python-runner -f images/pulsar-functions-python-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="$PULSAR_IMAGE" --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG" --build-arg PYTHON_VERSION="$PYTHON_VERSION" --progress=plain
-docker tag ${PYTHON_RUNNER} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PYTHON_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
-docker tag ${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
+build_image "${PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE}" images/pulsar-functions-python-runner \
+  --build-arg BASE_IMAGE="${RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="${PULSAR_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" \
+  --progress=plain
+build_image "${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE}" images/pulsar-functions-python-runner \
+  -f images/pulsar-functions-python-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="${PULSAR_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" \
+  --build-arg PYTHON_VERSION="${PYTHON_VERSION}" \
+  --progress=plain
+tag_local_aliases "${PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE}" "${PYTHON_RUNNER}"
+tag_local_aliases "${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE}" "${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER}"
 
 echo "build go runner"
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${GO_RUNNER} images/pulsar-functions-go-runner --progress=plain # go runner is almost the same as runner base, so we no need to given build args for go runner
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER} images/pulsar-functions-go-runner -f images/pulsar-functions-go-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile --progress=plain # go runner is almost the same as runner base, so we no need to given build args for go runner
-docker tag ${GO_RUNNER} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${GO_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
-docker tag ${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
+build_image "${GO_RUNNER_IMAGE}" images/pulsar-functions-go-runner \
+  --build-arg BASE_IMAGE="${RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}" \
+  --progress=plain
+build_image "${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER_IMAGE}" images/pulsar-functions-go-runner \
+  -f images/pulsar-functions-go-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile \
+  --build-arg BASE_IMAGE="${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}" \
+  --progress=plain
+tag_local_aliases "${GO_RUNNER_IMAGE}" "${GO_RUNNER}"
+tag_local_aliases "${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER_IMAGE}" "${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER}"
 
 if [ "$KIND_PUSH" = true ] ; then
   echo "push images to kind"
@@ -65,22 +147,24 @@ if [ "$KIND_PUSH" = true ] ; then
   echo $clusters
   for cluster in $clusters
   do
-    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${JAVA_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}" --name $cluster
-    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}" --name $cluster
-    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PYTHON_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}" --name $cluster
-    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}" --name $cluster
-    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${GO_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}" --name $cluster
-    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}" --name $cluster
+    kind load docker-image "${JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE}" --name $cluster
+    kind load docker-image "${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE}" --name $cluster
+    kind load docker-image "${PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE}" --name $cluster
+    kind load docker-image "${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE}" --name $cluster
+    kind load docker-image "${GO_RUNNER_IMAGE}" --name $cluster
+    kind load docker-image "${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER_IMAGE}" --name $cluster
   done
 fi
 
-if [ "$DOCKER_REPO" = "localhost:5000" ]; then
-  docker push "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${JAVA_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
-  docker push "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
-  docker push "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PYTHON_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
-  docker push "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
-  docker push "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${GO_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
-  docker push "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}"
+if [[ "${PUSH}" == "true" && "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" != "true" ]]; then
+  docker push "${RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${PULSARCTL_RUNNER_BASE_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${PULSARCTL_JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${PULSARCTL_PYTHON_RUNNER_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${GO_RUNNER_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${PULSARCTL_GO_RUNNER_IMAGE}"
 fi
 #
 #if [ "$CI_TEST" = true ] ; then
@@ -93,4 +177,4 @@ fi
 #    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PYTHON_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}" --name $cluster
 #    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${GO_RUNNER}:"${RUNNER_TAG}" --name $cluster
 #  done
-#fi
\ No newline at end of file
+#fi
diff --git a/images/pulsar-functions-base-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile b/images/pulsar-functions-base-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
index 08b8911e..2aca4223 100644
--- a/images/pulsar-functions-base-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
+++ b/images/pulsar-functions-base-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 FROM alpine:3.21 as functions-runner
 
+ARG TARGETARCH
+
 ENV GID=10001
 ENV UID=10000
 ENV USER=pulsar
@@ -17,10 +19,15 @@ RUN mkdir -p /pulsar/bin/ \
     && chown -R $UID:$GID /pulsar \
     && chmod -R g=u /pulsar \
     && apk update && apk add --no-cache wget bash \
-         && wget https://github.com/streamnative/pulsarctl/releases/latest/download/pulsarctl-amd64-linux.tar.gz -P /pulsar/bin/ \
-         && tar -xzf /pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-amd64-linux.tar.gz -C /pulsar/bin/ \
-         && rm -rf /pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-amd64-linux.tar.gz \
-         && chmod +x /pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-amd64-linux/pulsarctl \
-         && ln -s /pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-amd64-linux/pulsarctl /usr/local/bin/pulsarctl
+    && case "${TARGETARCH}" in \
+         amd64|arm64) PULSARCTL_ARCH="${TARGETARCH}" ;; \
+         *) echo "unsupported TARGETARCH: ${TARGETARCH}" && exit 1 ;; \
+       esac \
+    && PULSARCTL_DIST="pulsarctl-${PULSARCTL_ARCH}-linux.tar.gz" \
+    && wget "https://github.com/streamnative/pulsarctl/releases/latest/download/${PULSARCTL_DIST}" -P /pulsar/bin/ \
+    && tar -xzf "/pulsar/bin/${PULSARCTL_DIST}" -C /pulsar/bin/ \
+    && rm -rf "/pulsar/bin/${PULSARCTL_DIST}" \
+    && chmod +x "/pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-${PULSARCTL_ARCH}-linux/pulsarctl" \
+    && ln -s "/pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-${PULSARCTL_ARCH}-linux/pulsarctl" /usr/local/bin/pulsarctl
 
 WORKDIR /pulsar
diff --git a/images/pulsar-functions-go-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile b/images/pulsar-functions-go-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
index c48c5248..2488f3f1 100644
--- a/images/pulsar-functions-go-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
+++ b/images/pulsar-functions-go-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-FROM pulsar-functions-pulsarctl-runner-base:latest
+ARG BASE_IMAGE=pulsar-functions-pulsarctl-runner-base:latest
+
+FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
 WORKDIR /pulsar
 
diff --git a/images/pulsar-functions-java-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile b/images/pulsar-functions-java-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
index 748c808d..1d526eec 100644
--- a/images/pulsar-functions-java-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
+++ b/images/pulsar-functions-java-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
+ARG BASE_IMAGE=pulsar-functions-pulsarctl-runner-base:latest
 ARG PULSAR_IMAGE
 ARG PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG
 FROM ${PULSAR_IMAGE}:${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG} as pulsar
 FROM apachepulsar/pulsar-io-kinesis-sink-kinesis_producer:0.15.12 as pulsar-io-kinesis-sink-kinesis_producer
 FROM apachepulsar/pulsar-io-kinesis-sink-kinesis_producer:1.0.4 as pulsar-io-kinesis-sink-kinesis_producer-1.0
-FROM pulsar-functions-pulsarctl-runner-base:latest
+FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 
 ARG PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG
 ENV VERSION_TAG=${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}
diff --git a/images/pulsar-functions-python-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile b/images/pulsar-functions-python-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
index cb6a1a2c..990f82b5 100644
--- a/images/pulsar-functions-python-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
+++ b/images/pulsar-functions-python-runner/pulsarctl.Dockerfile
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ FROM ${PULSAR_IMAGE}:${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG} as pulsar
 
 FROM python:${PYTHON_VERSION}-alpine
 
+ARG TARGETARCH
+
 ENV GID=10001
 ENV UID=10000
 ENV USER=pulsar
@@ -22,11 +24,16 @@ RUN mkdir -p /pulsar/bin/ \
     && chown -R $UID:$GID /pulsar \
     && chmod -R g=u /pulsar \
     && apk update && apk add --no-cache wget bash \
-         && wget https://github.com/streamnative/pulsarctl/releases/latest/download/pulsarctl-amd64-linux.tar.gz -P /pulsar/bin/ \
-         && tar -xzf /pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-amd64-linux.tar.gz -C /pulsar/bin/ \
-         && rm -rf /pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-amd64-linux.tar.gz \
-         && chmod +x /pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-amd64-linux/pulsarctl \
-         && ln -s /pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-amd64-linux/pulsarctl /usr/local/bin/pulsarctl
+    && case "${TARGETARCH}" in \
+         amd64|arm64) PULSARCTL_ARCH="${TARGETARCH}" ;; \
+         *) echo "unsupported TARGETARCH: ${TARGETARCH}" && exit 1 ;; \
+       esac \
+    && PULSARCTL_DIST="pulsarctl-${PULSARCTL_ARCH}-linux.tar.gz" \
+    && wget "https://github.com/streamnative/pulsarctl/releases/latest/download/${PULSARCTL_DIST}" -P /pulsar/bin/ \
+    && tar -xzf "/pulsar/bin/${PULSARCTL_DIST}" -C /pulsar/bin/ \
+    && rm -rf "/pulsar/bin/${PULSARCTL_DIST}" \
+    && chmod +x "/pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-${PULSARCTL_ARCH}-linux/pulsarctl" \
+    && ln -s "/pulsar/bin/pulsarctl-${PULSARCTL_ARCH}-linux/pulsarctl" /usr/local/bin/pulsarctl
 
 WORKDIR /pulsar
 
diff --git a/images/samples/build.sh b/images/samples/build.sh
index 9e753b3d..0841fb7e 100755
--- a/images/samples/build.sh
+++ b/images/samples/build.sh
@@ -17,8 +17,7 @@
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.
 #
-
-set -e
+set -euo pipefail
 
 PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG=${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG:-"2.7.1"}
 PULSAR_IMAGE=${PULSAR_IMAGE:-"streamnative/sn-platform"}
@@ -30,22 +29,61 @@ GO_SAMPLE="pulsar-functions-go-sample"
 CONNECTOR_ES_SAMPLE="pulsar-io-elasticsearch"
 KIND_PUSH=${KIND_PUSH:-false}
 CI_TEST=${CI_TEST:-false}
+PLATFORMS=${PLATFORMS:-"linux/amd64"}
+PRIMARY_PLATFORM=${PLATFORMS%%,*}
+
+JAVA_SAMPLE_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${JAVA_SAMPLE}:${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
+PYTHON_SAMPLE_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${PYTHON_SAMPLE}:${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
+GO_SAMPLE_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${GO_SAMPLE}:${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
+CONNECTOR_ES_SAMPLE_IMAGE="${DOCKER_REPO}/${CONNECTOR_ES_SAMPLE}:${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
+
+MULTI_PLATFORM=false
+if [[ "${PLATFORMS}" == *,* ]]; then
+  MULTI_PLATFORM=true
+fi
+
+PUSH_DEFAULT=false
+if [[ "${DOCKER_REPO}" == "localhost:5000" || "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" == "true" ]]; then
+  PUSH_DEFAULT=true
+fi
+PUSH=${PUSH:-$PUSH_DEFAULT}
+
+if [[ "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" == "true" && "${PUSH}" != "true" ]]; then
+  echo "multi-platform sample builds require PUSH=true" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" == "true" && "${KIND_PUSH}" == "true" ]]; then
+  echo "KIND_PUSH=true is only supported for single-platform sample builds" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+build_image() {
+  local image=$1
+  local context=$2
+  shift 2
+
+  if [[ "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" == "true" ]]; then
+    docker buildx build --platform "${PLATFORMS}" --push -t "${image}" "$@" "${context}"
+  else
+    docker build --platform "${PRIMARY_PLATFORM}" -t "${image}" "$@" "${context}"
+  fi
+}
 
 echo "build java sample"
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${JAVA_SAMPLE} images/samples/java-function-samples --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG"
-docker tag ${JAVA_SAMPLE} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${JAVA_SAMPLE}:"${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
+build_image "${JAVA_SAMPLE_IMAGE}" images/samples/java-function-samples --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
 
 echo "build python sample"
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${PYTHON_SAMPLE} images/samples/python-function-samples --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG"
-docker tag ${PYTHON_SAMPLE} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PYTHON_SAMPLE}:"${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
+build_image "${PYTHON_SAMPLE_IMAGE}" images/samples/python-function-samples --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
 
 echo "build go sample"
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${GO_SAMPLE} images/samples/go-function-samples --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG"
-docker tag ${GO_SAMPLE} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${GO_SAMPLE}:"${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
+build_image "${GO_SAMPLE_IMAGE}" images/samples/go-function-samples --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
 
 echo "build connector sample"
-docker build --platform linux/amd64 -t ${CONNECTOR_ES_SAMPLE} images/samples/pulsar-io-connector/pulsar-io-elasticsearch --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="$PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG" --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="$PULSAR_IMAGE" --build-arg RUNNER_IMAGE="$JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE"
-docker tag ${CONNECTOR_ES_SAMPLE} "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${CONNECTOR_ES_SAMPLE}:"${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}"
+build_image "${CONNECTOR_ES_SAMPLE_IMAGE}" images/samples/pulsar-io-connector/pulsar-io-elasticsearch \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG="${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" \
+  --build-arg PULSAR_IMAGE="${PULSAR_IMAGE}" \
+  --build-arg RUNNER_IMAGE="${JAVA_RUNNER_IMAGE}"
 
 if [ "$KIND_PUSH" = true ] ; then
   echo "push images to kind"
@@ -53,8 +91,15 @@ if [ "$KIND_PUSH" = true ] ; then
   echo $clusters
   for cluster in $clusters
   do
-    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${JAVA_SAMPLE}:"${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" --name $cluster
-    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${PYTHON_SAMPLE}:"${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" --name $cluster
-    kind load docker-image "${DOCKER_REPO}"/${GO_SAMPLE}:"${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}" --name $cluster
+    kind load docker-image "${JAVA_SAMPLE_IMAGE}" --name $cluster
+    kind load docker-image "${PYTHON_SAMPLE_IMAGE}" --name $cluster
+    kind load docker-image "${GO_SAMPLE_IMAGE}" --name $cluster
   done
 fi
+
+if [[ "${PUSH}" == "true" && "${MULTI_PLATFORM}" != "true" ]]; then
+  docker push "${JAVA_SAMPLE_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${PYTHON_SAMPLE_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${GO_SAMPLE_IMAGE}"
+  docker push "${CONNECTOR_ES_SAMPLE_IMAGE}"
+fi
diff --git a/images/samples/go-function-samples/Dockerfile b/images/samples/go-function-samples/Dockerfile
index 0a3c0325..8b469ce7 100644
--- a/images/samples/go-function-samples/Dockerfile
+++ b/images/samples/go-function-samples/Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 ARG PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG
-FROM golang:1.25.8-trixie as builder
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.25.8-trixie as builder
+
+ARG TARGETOS
+ARG TARGETARCH
 
 WORKDIR /workspace
 # Copy the Go Modules manifests
@@ -11,7 +14,7 @@ RUN go mod download
 COPY func/exclamationFunc.go exclamationFunc.go
 
 # Build
-RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 GO111MODULE=on go build -a -o exclamationFunc exclamationFunc.go
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=${TARGETOS:-linux} GOARCH=${TARGETARCH} GO111MODULE=on go build -a -o exclamationFunc exclamationFunc.go
 
 FROM streamnative/pulsar-functions-go-runner:${PULSAR_IMAGE_TAG}
 COPY --from=builder --chown=$UID:$GID /workspace/exclamationFunc /pulsar/examples/go-exclamation-func
diff --git a/operator.Dockerfile b/operator.Dockerfile
index 9c8587fc..5f3864e6 100644
--- a/operator.Dockerfile
+++ b/operator.Dockerfile
@@ -1,3 +1,24 @@
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.25.8-trixie AS builder
+
+ARG TARGETOS
+ARG TARGETARCH
+
+WORKDIR /workspace/api
+COPY api/ .
+RUN go mod download
+
+WORKDIR /workspace
+COPY go.mod go.mod
+COPY go.sum go.sum
+RUN go mod download
+
+COPY main.go main.go
+COPY pkg/ pkg/
+COPY controllers/ controllers/
+COPY utils/ utils/
+
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=${TARGETOS:-linux} GOARCH=${TARGETARCH} GO111MODULE=on go build -a -trimpath -o /workspace/manager main.go
+
 FROM alpine:3.21
 
 ENV GID=10001
@@ -9,6 +30,6 @@ RUN apk upgrade --no-cache \
     && addgroup -g $GID pulsar \
     && adduser -u $UID -G pulsar -D -g '' $USER
 
-ADD bin/function-mesh-controller-manager /manager
+COPY --from=builder /workspace/manager /manager
 
 USER $USER
diff --git a/redhat.Dockerfile b/redhat.Dockerfile
index ab0613ab..9bf8d33a 100644
--- a/redhat.Dockerfile
+++ b/redhat.Dockerfile
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 # Build the manager binary
-FROM golang:1.25.8-trixie as builder
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.25.8-trixie as builder
+
+ARG TARGETOS
+ARG TARGETARCH
 
 WORKDIR /workspace/api
 COPY api/ .
@@ -20,7 +23,7 @@ COPY controllers/ controllers/
 COPY utils/ utils/
 
 # Build
-RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 GO111MODULE=on go build -a -o manager main.go
+RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=${TARGETOS:-linux} GOARCH=${TARGETARCH} GO111MODULE=on go build -a -o manager main.go
 
 # Use ubi image as the base image which is required by the red hat certification.
 # Base on the image size, the order is ubi > ubi-minimal > ubi-micro.