From b13add2d5728c966ec3e6c3168ebc3b35acec4f1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2026 14:56:55 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] gh-141510: Optimize hash(frozendict)

hash(frozendict) no longer creates a temporary items view and a
temporary frozenset object.

Copy frozenset_hash() code to frozendict_hash().
---
 Lib/test/test_dict.py |  9 +++++++
 Objects/dictobject.c  | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------
 Objects/setobject.c   |  5 +++-
 3 files changed, 52 insertions(+), 18 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_dict.py b/Lib/test/test_dict.py
index 1db3559a012fd3..2a106a8a4e8739 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_dict.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_dict.py
@@ -1775,6 +1775,15 @@ class MyFrozenDict(frozendict):
         d = MyFrozenDict(x=1, y=2)
         self.assertEqual(repr(d), "MyFrozenDict({'x': 1, 'y': 2})")
 
+    def test_hash(self):
+        # hash() doesn't rely on the items order
+        self.assertEqual(hash(frozendict(x=1, y=2)),
+                         hash(frozendict(y=2, x=1)))
+
+        fd = frozendict(x=[1], y=[2])
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "unhashable type: 'list'"):
+            hash(fd)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/Objects/dictobject.c b/Objects/dictobject.c
index 46b0148cf59ab5..5104a50f3e3c7c 100644
--- a/Objects/dictobject.c
+++ b/Objects/dictobject.c
@@ -7869,33 +7869,55 @@ frozendict_repr(PyObject *self)
     return res;
 }
 
+static Py_uhash_t
+_shuffle_bits(Py_uhash_t h)
+{
+    return ((h ^ 89869747UL) ^ (h << 16)) * 3644798167UL;
+}
+
+// Code copied from frozenset_hash()
 static Py_hash_t
 frozendict_hash(PyObject *op)
 {
     PyFrozenDictObject *self = _PyFrozenDictObject_CAST(op);
-    Py_hash_t hash = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(self->ma_hash);
-    if (hash != -1) {
-        return hash;
+    Py_hash_t shash = FT_ATOMIC_LOAD_SSIZE_RELAXED(self->ma_hash);
+    if (shash != -1) {
+        return shash;
     }
 
-    PyObject *items = _PyDictView_New(op, &PyDictItems_Type);
-    if (items == NULL) {
-        return -1;
-    }
-    PyObject *frozenset = PyFrozenSet_New(items);
-    Py_DECREF(items);
-    if (frozenset == NULL) {
-        return -1;
+    PyDictObject *mp = _PyAnyDict_CAST(op);
+    Py_uhash_t hash = 0;
+
+    PyObject *key, *value;  // borrowed refs
+    Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
+    while (PyDict_Next(op, &pos, &key, &value)) {
+        Py_hash_t key_hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
+        if (key_hash == -1) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        hash ^= _shuffle_bits(key_hash);
+
+        Py_hash_t value_hash = PyObject_Hash(value);
+        if (value_hash == -1) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        hash ^= _shuffle_bits(value_hash);
     }
 
-    hash = PyObject_Hash(frozenset);
-    Py_DECREF(frozenset);
-    if (hash == -1) {
-        return -1;
+    /* Factor in the number of active entries */
+    hash ^= ((Py_uhash_t)mp->ma_used + 1) * 1927868237UL;
+
+    /* Disperse patterns arising in nested frozensets */
+    hash ^= (hash >> 11) ^ (hash >> 25);
+    hash = hash * 69069U + 907133923UL;
+
+    /* -1 is reserved as an error code */
+    if (hash == (Py_uhash_t)-1) {
+        hash = 590923713UL;
     }
 
-    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(self->ma_hash, hash);
-    return hash;
+    FT_ATOMIC_STORE_SSIZE_RELAXED(self->ma_hash, (Py_hash_t)hash);
+    return (Py_hash_t)hash;
 }
 
 
diff --git a/Objects/setobject.c b/Objects/setobject.c
index 5d4d1812282eed..f8713bf3d1a432 100644
--- a/Objects/setobject.c
+++ b/Objects/setobject.c
@@ -964,7 +964,10 @@ _shuffle_bits(Py_uhash_t h)
 
    This hash algorithm can be used on either a frozenset or a set.
    When it is used on a set, it computes the hash value of the equivalent
-   frozenset without creating a new frozenset object. */
+   frozenset without creating a new frozenset object.
+
+   If you update this code, update also frozendict_hash() which copied this
+   code. */
 
 static Py_hash_t
 frozenset_hash_impl(PyObject *self)

From 390119d10e320eccc500ddcbc95a0caa3b800883 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org>
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 2026 15:39:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Update comment

---
 Objects/dictobject.c | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Objects/dictobject.c b/Objects/dictobject.c
index 5104a50f3e3c7c..9cf6c9b4c8a9dd 100644
--- a/Objects/dictobject.c
+++ b/Objects/dictobject.c
@@ -7907,7 +7907,7 @@ frozendict_hash(PyObject *op)
     /* Factor in the number of active entries */
     hash ^= ((Py_uhash_t)mp->ma_used + 1) * 1927868237UL;
 
-    /* Disperse patterns arising in nested frozensets */
+    /* Disperse patterns arising in nested frozendicts */
     hash ^= (hash >> 11) ^ (hash >> 25);
     hash = hash * 69069U + 907133923UL;