diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=node16).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=node16).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9d1e621aaf6e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=node16).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+error TS6504: File '/node_modules/foo/index.js' is a JavaScript file. Did you mean to enable the 'allowJs' option?
+  The file is in the program because:
+    Root file specified for compilation
+
+
+!!! error TS6504: File '/node_modules/foo/index.js' is a JavaScript file. Did you mean to enable the 'allowJs' option?
+!!! error TS6504:   The file is in the program because:
+!!! error TS6504:     Root file specified for compilation
+==== /node_modules/foo/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {   
+        "name": "foo",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "exports": {
+            "types": null,
+            "require": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
+    
+==== /node_modules/foo/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    module.exports = { a: 'a' };
+    
+==== /node_modules/foo/index.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export declare const a: 'a'
+    
+==== /a.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export { a } from "foo";
+    
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=node16).trace.json b/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=node16).trace.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..986873820bcc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=node16).trace.json
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+[
+    "Found 'package.json' at '/node_modules/foo/package.json'.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist.",
+    "======== Resolving module 'foo' from '/a.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node16'.",
+    "Resolving in CJS mode with conditions 'require', 'types', 'node'.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "Loading module 'foo' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, JavaScript, Declaration.",
+    "File '/node_modules/foo/package.json' exists according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "Entering conditional exports.",
+    "Matched 'exports' condition 'types'.",
+    "package.json scope '/node_modules/foo' explicitly maps specifier '.' to null.",
+    "Failed to resolve under condition 'types'.",
+    "Matched 'exports' condition 'require'.",
+    "Using 'exports' subpath '.' with target './index.js'.",
+    "File name '/node_modules/foo/index.js' has a '.js' extension - stripping it.",
+    "File '/node_modules/foo/index.ts' does not exist.",
+    "File '/node_modules/foo/index.tsx' does not exist.",
+    "File '/node_modules/foo/index.d.ts' exists - use it as a name resolution result.",
+    "Resolved under condition 'require'.",
+    "Exiting conditional exports.",
+    "Resolving real path for '/node_modules/foo/index.d.ts', result '/node_modules/foo/index.d.ts'.",
+    "======== Module name 'foo' was successfully resolved to '/node_modules/foo/index.d.ts' with Package ID 'foo/index.d.ts@1.0.0'. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-es5' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.es5.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-es5' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-es5'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-es5'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-es5' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-es5' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-decorators' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.decorators.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-decorators' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-decorators'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-decorators'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-decorators' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-decorators' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-decorators/legacy' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.decorators.legacy.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-decorators/legacy' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-decorators/legacy'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-decorators/legacy'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-decorators/legacy' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-decorators/legacy' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-dom' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.dom.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-dom' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-dom'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-dom'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-dom' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-dom' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-webworker/importscripts' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.webworker.importscripts.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-webworker/importscripts' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-webworker/importscripts'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-webworker/importscripts'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-webworker/importscripts' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-webworker/importscripts' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-scripthost' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.scripthost.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-scripthost' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-scripthost'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-scripthost'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-scripthost' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-scripthost' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups."
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=nodenext).errors.txt b/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=nodenext).errors.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9d1e621aaf6e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=nodenext).errors.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+error TS6504: File '/node_modules/foo/index.js' is a JavaScript file. Did you mean to enable the 'allowJs' option?
+  The file is in the program because:
+    Root file specified for compilation
+
+
+!!! error TS6504: File '/node_modules/foo/index.js' is a JavaScript file. Did you mean to enable the 'allowJs' option?
+!!! error TS6504:   The file is in the program because:
+!!! error TS6504:     Root file specified for compilation
+==== /node_modules/foo/package.json (0 errors) ====
+    {   
+        "name": "foo",
+        "version": "1.0.0",
+        "exports": {
+            "types": null,
+            "require": "./index.js"
+        }
+    }
+    
+==== /node_modules/foo/index.js (0 errors) ====
+    module.exports = { a: 'a' };
+    
+==== /node_modules/foo/index.d.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export declare const a: 'a'
+    
+==== /a.ts (0 errors) ====
+    export { a } from "foo";
+    
+    
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=nodenext).trace.json b/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=nodenext).trace.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b0692a192c549
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/baselines/reference/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback(moduleresolution=nodenext).trace.json
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+[
+    "Found 'package.json' at '/node_modules/foo/package.json'.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist.",
+    "======== Resolving module 'foo' from '/a.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'NodeNext'.",
+    "Resolving in CJS mode with conditions 'require', 'types', 'node'.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "Loading module 'foo' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, JavaScript, Declaration.",
+    "File '/node_modules/foo/package.json' exists according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "Entering conditional exports.",
+    "Matched 'exports' condition 'types'.",
+    "package.json scope '/node_modules/foo' explicitly maps specifier '.' to null.",
+    "Failed to resolve under condition 'types'.",
+    "Matched 'exports' condition 'require'.",
+    "Using 'exports' subpath '.' with target './index.js'.",
+    "File name '/node_modules/foo/index.js' has a '.js' extension - stripping it.",
+    "File '/node_modules/foo/index.ts' does not exist.",
+    "File '/node_modules/foo/index.tsx' does not exist.",
+    "File '/node_modules/foo/index.d.ts' exists - use it as a name resolution result.",
+    "Resolved under condition 'require'.",
+    "Exiting conditional exports.",
+    "Resolving real path for '/node_modules/foo/index.d.ts', result '/node_modules/foo/index.d.ts'.",
+    "======== Module name 'foo' was successfully resolved to '/node_modules/foo/index.d.ts' with Package ID 'foo/index.d.ts@1.0.0'. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-es5' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.es5.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-es5' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-es5'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-es5'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-es5' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-es5' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-decorators' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.decorators.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-decorators' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-decorators'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-decorators'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-decorators' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-decorators' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-decorators/legacy' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.decorators.legacy.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-decorators/legacy' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-decorators/legacy'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-decorators/legacy'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-decorators/legacy' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-decorators/legacy' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-dom' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.dom.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-dom' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-dom'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-dom'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-dom' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-dom' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-webworker/importscripts' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.webworker.importscripts.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-webworker/importscripts' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-webworker/importscripts'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-webworker/importscripts'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-webworker/importscripts' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-webworker/importscripts' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "======== Resolving module '@typescript/lib-scripthost' from '__lib_node_modules_lookup_lib.scripthost.d.ts__.ts'. ========",
+    "Explicitly specified module resolution kind: 'Node10'.",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-scripthost' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: TypeScript, Declaration.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-scripthost'",
+    "Directory '/node_modules/@types' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "Scoped package detected, looking in 'typescript__lib-scripthost'",
+    "Loading module '@typescript/lib-scripthost' from 'node_modules' folder, target file types: JavaScript.",
+    "Directory 'node_modules' does not exist, skipping all lookups in it.",
+    "======== Module name '@typescript/lib-scripthost' was not resolved. ========",
+    "File 'package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups.",
+    "File '/package.json' does not exist according to earlier cached lookups."
+]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tests/cases/conformance/moduleResolution/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback.ts b/tests/cases/conformance/moduleResolution/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..44c8f1e57b835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/cases/conformance/moduleResolution/disallowThroughTypesConditionAndAvoidFallback.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// @noEmit: true
+// @moduleResolution: node16,nodenext
+// @noTypesAndSymbols: true
+// @traceResolution: true
+
+// @filename: /node_modules/foo/package.json
+{   
+    "name": "foo",
+    "version": "1.0.0",
+    "exports": {
+        "types": null,
+        "require": "./index.js"
+    }
+}
+
+// @filename: /node_modules/foo/index.js
+module.exports = { a: 'a' };
+
+// @filename: /node_modules/foo/index.d.ts
+export declare const a: 'a'
+
+// @filename: /a.ts
+export { a } from "foo";
+