diff --git a/src/vws/reports.py b/src/vws/reports.py
index 726f93b6..1767a812 100644
--- a/src/vws/reports.py
+++ b/src/vws/reports.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 
 @beartype
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class DatabaseSummaryReport:
     """A database summary report.
 
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ class TargetStatuses(Enum):
 
 
 @beartype
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class TargetSummaryReport:
     """A target summary report.
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ def from_response_dict(cls, response_dict: dict[str, Any]) -> Self:
 
 
 @beartype(conf=BeartypeConf(is_pep484_tower=True))
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 class TargetRecord:
     """A target record.
 
diff --git a/src/vws/response.py b/src/vws/response.py
index 71d1b9a4..d6456819 100644
--- a/src/vws/response.py
+++ b/src/vws/response.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 from beartype import beartype
 
 
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
+@dataclass(frozen=True, kw_only=True)
 @beartype
 class Response:
     """A response from a request."""